Randomize
Seeds the random number generator
Syntax
`
Declare Sub Randomize ( ByVal seed As Double = -1.0, ByVal algorithm As Integer = 0 )
`
Usage
`
Randomize [ seed ][, algorithm ]
`
Parameters
`seed`
A `Double` seed value for the random number generator. If omitted, a value based on `Timer` will be used instead.
`algorithm`
An `Integer` value to select the algorithm used. If omitted, the default algorithm for the current language dialect is used.
Description
Sets the random seed that helps `Rnd` generate random numbers, and selects the algorithm to use. Valid values for `algorithm` are:
`0` - Default for current language dialect. This is algorithm `3` in the -lang fb dialect, `4` in the -lang qb dialect and `1` in the -lang fblite dialect.
`1` - Uses the C runtime library's `rand()` function. This will give different results depending on the platform.
`2` - Uses a fast implementation. This should be stable across all platforms, and provides 32-bit granularity, reasonable degree of randomness.
`3` - Uses the Mersenne Twister. This should be stable across all platforms, provides 32-bit granularity, and gives a high degree of randomness.
`4` - Uses a function that is designed to give the same random number sequences as QBASIC. This should be stable across all platforms, and provides 24-bit precision, with a low degree of randomness.
`5` - Available on Win32 and Linux, using system features (Win32 Crypto API, Linux /dev/urandom) to provide cryptographically random numbers. If those system APIs are unavailable, algorithm `3` will be used instead.
For any given seed, each algorithm will produce a specific, deterministic sequence of numbers for that seed. If you want each call to `Randomize` to produce a different sequence of numbers, a seed that is not quite predictable should be used - for example, the value returned from `Timer`. Omitting the `seed` parameter will use a value based on this.
Note: using the `Timer` value directly as a parameter will produce the same seed if used more than once in the same second. However, it is generally not worth calling `Randomize` twice with unpredictable seeds anyway, because the second sequence will be no more random than the first. In most cases, the Mersenne twister should provide a sufficiently random sequence of numbers, without requiring reseeding between `Rnd` calls.
When you call `Randomize` with the QB compatible algorithm, part of the old seed is retained. This means that if you call `Randomize` several times with the same seed, you will not get the same sequence each time. To get a specific sequence in QB compatible mode, set the seed by calling `Rnd` with a negative parameter.
Example
`
'' Seed the RNG to the method using C's rand()
Randomize , 1
'' Print a sequence of random numbers
For i As Integer = 1 To 10
Print Rnd
Next
`
Dialect Differences
The default algorithm used depends on the current dialect in use:

- With the -lang fb dialect, a 32 bit Mersenne Twister function with a granularity of 32 bits is used.
- With the -lang qb dialect, a function giving the same output as `Rnd` in QB is used. The granularity is 24 bits.
- With the -lang deprecated and -lang fblite dialects, the function in the C runtime available in the system is used. The function has a granularity of 15 bits in Win32, and 32 bits in Linux and DOS.

Differences from QB

- The `algorithm` parameter is new to FreeBASIC.
- QBASIC only had one algorithm (replicated in FB in algorithm number `4`, and set as the default in the -lang qb dialect).

See also

- `Rnd`
- Language dialects